Cancer therapies refer to a range of treatments designed to combat cancer, a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. These therapies aim to eliminate cancer cells, reduce tumor size, alleviate symptoms, and improve overall patient outcomes. Common types of cancer therapies include:
1. **Surgery**: Physically removing tumors and cancerous tissues from the body.
2. **Chemotherapy**: The use of drugs to kill cancer cells or inhibit their growth, often affecting both cancerous and healthy cells.
3. **Radiation therapy**: The use of high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.
4. **Immunotherapy**: Treatments that harness the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells, potentially making the immune response more effective against tumors.
5. **Targeted therapy**: Drugs or substances that specifically target cancer cell mechanisms, often with fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy.
6. **Hormone therapy**: Used for cancers that are sensitive to hormones, this involves altering hormone levels in the body to slow or stop cancer growth.
Cancer therapies can be used alone or in combination, depending on the type and stage of cancer, as well as individual patient factors. Advances in research continue to improve the effectiveness and personalization of these treatment strategies.
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